RV spectrograph reading guide
Independent literature synthesis · updated 13 September 2026

What the papers actually say about precision RV spectrographs.

My source-linked reading guide to optical and near-infrared Doppler instruments: where they work, which numbers their papers report, what remains difficult, and which questions could support later analysis.

A careful boundary. A design goal, calibration test, formal uncertainty and stellar time-series RMS are different measurements. “Selected reading note” means I reviewed the listed sources; it does not mean every paper ever written about that instrument.
Red-and-black hand-drawn physics notebook showing how an orbiting planet makes its star wobble, how a fibre-fed echelle spectrograph measures Doppler shifts in absorption lines, and how those shifts become a periodic radial-velocity curve.
How a tiny Doppler shift becomes evidence for an unseen world — red-and-black notebook sketch by Biswajit Jana, 11th August 2025.
Begin here

From starlight to a velocity time series

A five-step measurement chain, the equations behind it, and the places where apparently similar spectrographs become scientifically different.

Calibration and extraction

Three common measurement architectures

Scope boundary

Not every spectrograph is an EPRV instrument

ClassExamplesMeasurement emphasisIn directory?
—physical instrument records
—quantitative claims
—facilities represented
—instrument rows with no named open fields
Location guide

Where the instruments collect light

Each point uses a cited site or telescope coordinate. Several instruments at one observatory share a marker; this is a reading map, not a survey-grade geodetic product.

Ground facility◆Space spectrographs appear as comparator notes, not ground-map points

Base geography: Natural Earth 1:110 million, public-domain vector data rendered with a UN-style boundary view. Boundaries provide geographic context and do not imply a position on disputed territory.

Instrument directory

One record per physical spectrograph

The directory includes dedicated precision-RV systems, general high-resolution instruments with RV measurements, historical prototypes, and funded or commissioning projects.

Evidence is field-specific: a paper can confirm that an instrument exists without proving its present operating state or exact location. Open fields remain visible in each note.

Numbers from published studies

Compare specifications only within context

These 21 records have a numerical result tied to a paper. Wavelength limits and resolving power are representative modes, not acceptance-test values.

InstrumentFacilityCoverageRStatusEvidence class
Read the number in context

What did each number measure?

Open a card to see its target, baseline, limitation and primary paper.

Goal or requirementCalibrationOn-sky result
Paper-based interpretation

Nine coupled error domains

Each section states the mechanism, a published example, common mitigations, the residual problem, and links to the papers.

Original figures

Context before comparison

Figures are generated from the committed tables. No third-party paper figure is reproduced.

Horizontal intervals showing wavelength coverage, grouped by current status
Representative wavelength coverage and dated status for the performance core.
Reported velocity values grouped by non-equivalent measurement context
Reported velocity scales separated by measurement context; this is not a ranking.
Scatter plot of representative resolving power against nominal wavelength span
Resolving power against nominal wavelength span. Neither axis directly measures long-term radial-velocity accuracy.
Two panels separating published on-sky examples from requirements commissioning and calibration values
State-of-art evidence split by measurement context. On-sky examples remain separate from requirements and subsystem values.
Paired before and after measurements reported within selected EXPRES papers
Within-paper EXPRES comparisons. Each pair retains the original paper's metric and scope rather than implying an instrument-wide floor.
Ideal radial-velocity semi-amplitude against orbital period for one and five Earth-mass planets around Sun-like and mid-M-dwarf stars
Ideal circular, edge-on Keplerian signals from committed assumptions. The 1 m/s, 30 cm/s and 10 cm/s guides show why the field is moving below one metre per second; stellar variability, cadence and instrument systematics are excluded.
Curves of idealized local radial-velocity uncertainty against resolving power for three intrinsic absorption-line widths
Controlled equal-photon experiment: resolution gains are large for narrow synthetic lines and diminish for broad lines. Absolute values are not achieved precision for any named instrument. Download the result table.
How this was made

Every number points back to a source

Each numerical row records the metric, measurement context, target or sample, baseline, limitation, source URL and access date. Automated checks reject unknown instruments, duplicate identifiers and rows without a stated limitation.

Instrument reading note